Renehan AG et al. - In a trial to assess the strength of associations between body-mass index (BMI) and different sites of cancer and to investigate differences in these associations between sex and ethnic groups, it was found that increased BMI is associated with increased risk of common and less common malignancies Methods
- Electronic searches on Medline and Embase were done and reports were searched to identify prospective studies of incident cases of 20 cancer types
- Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were done of study-specific incremental estimates to determine the risk of cancer associated with a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI
- 221 datasets, including 282,137 incident cases were analyzed
- In men, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was strongly associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma and with thyroid, colon, and renal cancers
- In women, strong associations were recorded between a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and endometrial, gallbladder, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and renal cancers
- Weaker positive associations were noted between increased BMI and rectal cancer and malignant melanoma in men; postmenopausal breast, pancreatic, thyroid, and colon cancers in women; and leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in both sexes
- Associations were stronger in men than in women for colon cancer
- Associations were generally similar in studies from North America, Europe and Australia, and the Asia–Pacific region
- Stronger associations were found in Asia–Pacific populations between increased BMI and premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers
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